SECTION A

1. State True or False:
   While defining a function in Python, the positional parameters in the function header must always be written after the default parameters.
   False
2. The SELECT statement when combined with ________ clause, returns records without repetition.
   a) DISTINCT
   b) DESCRIBE
   c) UNIQUE
   d) NULL
3. What will be the output of the following statement?
   print(16 * 5 / 4 * 2 / 5 - 8)
   a) -3.33
   b) 6.0
   c) 0.0
   d) -13.33
4. What possible output from the given options is expected to be displayed when the following Python code is executed?
   import random
Signal = ['RED', 'YELLOW', 'GREEN']
for K in range(2, 0, -1):
R = random.randrange(K)
print(Signal[R], end = '#')
   a) YELLOW # RED #
   b) RED # GREEN #
   c) GREEN # RED #
   d) YELLOW # GREEN #
5. In SQL, the aggregate function which will display the cardinality of the table is ________.
   a) sum()
   b) count(*)
   c) avg()
   d) sum(*)
6. Which protocol out of the following is used to send and receive emails over a computer network?
   a) PPP
   b) HTTP
   c) FTP
   d) SMTP
7. Identify the invalid Python statement from the following:
   a) d = dict()
   b) e = {}
   c) f = []
   d) g = dict{}
8. Consider the statements given below and then choose the correct output from the given options:
   myStr = "MISSISSIPPI"
print(myStr[:4] + "#" + myStr[-5:])
   a) MISSI#SIPPI
   b) MISS#SIPPI
   c) MISS#IPPIS
   d) MISSI#IPPIS
9. Identify the statement from the following which will raise an error:
   a) print(“A” * 3)
   b) print(5 * 3)
   c) print(“15” + 3)
   d) print(“15” + “13”)
10. Select the correct output of the following code:
    event = “G20 Presidency@2023”
    L = event.split(‘ ‘)
    print(L[::-2])
    a) ‘G20’
    b) [‘Presidency@2023’]
    c) [‘G20’]
    d) ‘Presidency@2023’
11. Which of the following options is the correct unit of measurement for network bandwidth?
    a) KB
    b) Bit
    c) Hz
    d) Km
12. Observe the given Python code carefully:
    a = 20
    def convert(a):
    b = 20
    a = a + b
    convert(10)
    print(a)
    Select the correct output from the given options:
    a) 10
    b) 20
    c) 30
    d) Error
13. State whether the following statement is True or False:
    While handling exceptions in Python, name of the exception has to be compulsorily added with except clause.
    False
14. Which of the following is not a DDL command in SQL?
    a) DROP
    b) CREATE
    c) UPDATE
    d) ALTER
15. Fill in the blank:
    ________ is a set of rules that needs to be followed by the communicating parties in order to have a successful and reliable data communication over a network.
    Protocol
16. Consider the following Python statement:
    F = open(‘CONTENT.TXT’)
    Which of the following is an invalid statement in Python?
    a) F.seek(1, 0)
    b) F.seek(0, 1)
    c) F.seek(0, -1)
    d) F.seek(0, 2)
    Q. 17 and 18 are ASSERTION (A) and REASONING (R) based questions. Mark the correct choice as:
    a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A)
    b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation for (A)
    c) (A) is true but (R) is false
    d) (A) is false but (R) is true
17. Assertion (A): CSV file is a human readable text file where each line has a number of fields, separated by comma or some delimiter.
    Reason (R): writerow() method is used to write a single row in a CSV file.
    Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation for (A)
18. Assertion (A): The expression “HELLO”.sort() in Python will.
    Reason (R): sort() does not exist as a method/function for strings in Python.
    Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A)

SECTION B

19. (A) (i) Expand the following terms:
XML – Extensible Markup Language
PPP – Point-to-Point Protocol
(ii) Give the difference between circuit switching and packet switching.
In circuit switching, a dedicated communication path is established before data transfer begins. In packet switching, data is broken into small packets and sent independently over the network.
OR
(B) (i) Define the term web hosting.
Web hosting is a service that allows individuals or organizations to make their website accessible on the Internet.
(ii) Name any two web browsers.
Microsoft Edge, Brave.

20. The code given below accepts five numbers and displays whether they are even or odd:
Observe the following code carefully and rewrite it after removing all syntax and logical errors. Underline all the corrections made.

def EvenOdd()
    for i in range(5):
        num = int(input("Enter a number")
        if num / 2 == 0:
            print("Even")
        else:
            print("Odd")
EvenOdd()

def EvenOdd():
    for i in range(5):
        num = int(input("Enter a number"))
        if num % 2 == 0:
            print("Even")
        else:
            print("Odd")
EvenOdd()

21. (A) Write a user-defined function in Python named showGrades(S) which takes the dictionary S as an argument. The dictionary S contains Name: [Eng, Math, Science] as key:value pairs. The function displays the corresponding grade obtained by the students according to the following grading rules:

Average of Eng, Math, Science	Grade
>= 90	A
< 90 but >= 60	B
< 60	C

For example, consider the following dictionary:
S = {“AMIT”: [92, 86, 64], “NAGMA”:[65, 42, 43], “DAVID”:[92, 90, 88]}
The output should be:
AMIT – B
NAGMA – C
DAVID – A

def showGrades(S):
    for name, marks in S.items():
        avg = sum(marks) / len(marks)
        if avg >= 90:
            grade = 'A'
        elif avg >= 60:
            grade = 'B'
        else:
            grade = 'C'
        print(name, "-", grade)

OR

(B) Write a user-defined function in Python named Puzzle(W, N) which takes the argument W as an English word and N as an integer and returns the string where every Nth alphabet of the word W is replaced with an underscore (“_”).
For example, if W contains the word “TELEVISION” and N is 3, then the function should return the string “TE_EV_SI_N”. Likewise for the word “TELEVISION” if N is 4, then the function should return “TEL_VIS_ON”.

def Puzzle(W, N):
    result = ""
    for i in range(len(W)):
        if (i + 1) % N == 0:
            result += "_"
        else:
            result += W[i]
    return result

22. Write the output displayed on execution of the following Python code:

LS = ["HIMALAYA", "NILGIRI", "ALASKA", "ALPS"]
D = {}
for S in LS:
    if len(S) % 4 == 0:
        D[S] = len(S)
for K in D:
    print(K, D[K], sep = "#")

HIMALAYA#8
ALPS#4

23. (A) Write the Python statement for each of the following tasks using built-in functions/methods only:
(i) To remove the item whose key is “NISHA” from a dictionary named Students.
For example, if the dictionary Students contains {“ANITA”:90, “NISHA”:76, “ASHA”:92}, then after removal the dictionary should contain {“ANITA”:90, “ASHA”:92}
Students.pop("NISHA")
(ii) To display the number of occurrences of the substring “is” in a string named message.
For example, if the string message contains “This is his book”, then the output will be 3.
print(message.count("is"))

OR

(B) A tuple named subject stores the names of different subjects. Write the Python commands to convert the given tuple to a list and thereafter delete the last element of the list.
lst = list(subject)
lst.pop()

24. (A) Ms. Veda created a table named Sports in a MySQL database, containing columns Game_id, P_Age and G_name.
After creating the table, she realized that the attribute, Category has to be added. Help her to write a command to add the Category column. Thereafter, write the command to insert the following record in the table:
Game_id: G42
P_Age: Above 18
G_name: Chess
Category: Senior

ALTER TABLE Sports ADD CATEGORY VARCHAR(20);
INSERT INTO Sports (Game_id, P_Age, G_name, Category) VALUES ('G42', 'Above 18', 'Chess', 'Senior');

(B) Write the SQL commands to perform the following tasks:
(i) View the list of tables in the database, Exam.
SHOW TABLES FROM Exam;
(ii) View the structure of the table, Term1.
DESC Term1;

25. Predict the output of the following code:

def callon(b = 20, a = 10):
    b = b + a
    a = b - a
    print(b, "#", a)
    return b
x = 100
y = 100
x = callon(x, y)
print(x, "@", y)
y = callon(y)
print(x, "@", y)

200 # 100
200 @ 100
110 # 100
200 @ 110

SECTION C

26. Write the output on execution of the following Python code:

S = "Racecar Car Radar"
L = S.split()
for W in L:
    x = W.upper()
    if x == x[::-1]:
        for I in x:
            print(I, end = "*")
    else:
        for I in W:
            print(I, end = "#")
    print()

R*A*C*E*C*A*R*
C#a#r#
R*A*D*A*R*

27. Consider the table ORDERS given below and write the output of the SQL queries that follow:

ORDNO	ITEM	QTY	RATE	ORDATE
1001	RICE	23	120	2023-09-10
1002	PULSES	13	120	2023-10-18
1003	RICE	25	110	2023-11-17
1004	WHEAT	28	65	2023-12-25
1005	PULSES	16	110	2024-01-15
1006	WHEAT	27	55	2024-04-15
1007	WHEAT	25	60	2024-04-30

(i) SELECT ITEM, SUM(QTY) FROM ORDERS GROUP BY ITEM;

ITEM	SUM(QTY)
RICE	48
PULSES	29
WHEAT	80

(ii) SELECT ITEM, QTY FROM ORDERS WHERE ORDATE BETWEEN '2023-11-01' AND '2023-12-31';

ITEM	QTY
RICE	25
WHEAT	28

(iii) SELECT ORDNO, ORDATE FROM ORDERS WHERE ITEM = 'WHEAT' AND RATE >= 60;

ORDNO	ORDATE
1004	2023-12-25
1007	2024-04-30

28. (A) Write a user-defined function in Python named showInLines() which reads contents of a text file named STORY.TXT and displays every sentence in a separate line.
Assume that a sentence ends with a full stop (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!).
For example, if the content of the file STORY.TXT is as follows:
Our parents told us that we must eat vegetables to be healthy. And it turns out, our parents were right! So, what else did our parents tell?
Then the function should display the file’s content as follows:
Our parents told us that we must eat vegetables to be healthy.
And it turns out, our parents were right!
So, what else did our parents tell?

def showInLines():
    file = open("STORY.TXT", "r")
    data = file.read()
    file.close()
    sentence = ''
    for ch in data:
        sentence += ch
        if ch in ".?!":   # Sentence-ending punctuation
            print(sentence.strip())
            sentence = ''

OR

(B) Write a function, c_words() in Python that separately counts and displays the number of uppercase and lowercase alphabets in a text file, Words.txt.

def c_words():
    file = open("Words.txt", "r")
    data = file.read()
    file.close()

    upper_count = 0
    lower_count = 0

    for ch in data:
        if ch.isupper():
            upper_count += 1
        elif ch.islower():
            lower_count += 1

    print("Uppercase letters:", upper_count)
    print("Lowercase letters:", lower_count)

29. Consider the table Projects given below:

P_id	Pname	Language	Startdate	Enddate
P001	School Management System	Python	2023-01-12	2023-04-03
P002	Hotel Management System	C++	2022-12-01	2023-02-02
P003	Blood Bank	Python	2023-02-11	2023-03-02
P004	Payroll Management System	Python	2023-03-12	2023-06-02

Based on the given table, write SQL queries for the following:
(i) Add the constraint, primary key to column P_id in the existing table Projects.
ALTER TABLE Projects ADD PRIMARY KEY(P_id);
(ii) To change the language to Python of the project whose id is P002.
UPDATE Projects SET Language = 'Python' WHERE P_id = 'P002';
(iii) To delete the table Projects from MySQL database along with its data.
DROP TABLE Projects;

30. Consider a list named Nums which contains random integers.
Write the following user-defined functions in Python and perform the specified operations on a stack named BigNums.
(i) PushBig(): It checks every number from the list Nums and pushes all such numbers which have 5 or more digits into the stack, BigNums.

def PushBig():
    for num in Nums:
        if len(str(num)) >= 5:
            BigNums.append(num)

(ii) PopBig(): It pops the numbers from the stack, BigNums and displays them. The function should also display “Stack Empty” when there are no more numbers left in the stack.
For example: If the list Nums contains the following data:
Nums = [213, 10025, 167, 254923, 14, 1297653, 31498, 386, 92765]
Then on execution of PushBig(), the stack BigNums should store:
[10025, 254923, 1297653, 31498, 92765]
And on execution of PopBig(), the following output should be displayed:
92765
31498
1297653
254923
10025
Stack Empty

def PopBig():
    while BigNums:
        print(BigNums.pop())
    print("Stack Empty")

SECTION D

31. Consider the tables Admin and Transport given below:

S_id	S_name	Address	S_type
S001	Sandhya	Rohini	Day Boarder
S002	Vedanshi	Rohtak	Day Scholar
S003	Vibhu	Raj Nagar	NULL
S004	Atharva	Rampur	Day Boarder

S_id	Bus_no	Stop_name
S002	TSS10	Sarai Kale Khan
S004	TSS12	Sainik Vihar
S005	TSS10	Kamla Nagar

Write SQL queries for the following:
(i) Display the student name and their stop name from the tables Admin and Transport.
SELECT Admin.S_name, Transport.Stop_name FROM Admin, Transport WHERE Admin.S_id = Transport.S_id;

(ii) Display the number of students whose S_type is not known.
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Admin WHERE S_type IS NULL;

(iii) Display all details of the students whose name starts with ‘V’.
SELECT * FROM Admin WHERE S_name LIKE 'V%';

(iv) Display student id and address in alphabetical order of student name, from the table Admin.
SELECT S_id, Address FROM Admin ORDER BY S_name;

32. Sangeeta is a Python programmer working in a computer hardware company. She has to maintain the records of the peripheral devices. She created a csv file named Peripheral.csv, to store the details. The structure of Peripheral.csv is:
[P_id, P_name, Price]
where
P_id is Peripheral device ID (integer)
P_name is Peripheral device name (String)
Price is Peripheral device price (integer)
Sangeeta wants to write the following user-defined functions:
Add_Device(): to accept a record from the user and add it to a csv file, Peripheral.csv.
Count_Device(): To count and display number of peripheral devices whose price is less than 1000.

import csv
def Add_Device():
    f = open("Peripheral.csv", "a", newline='')
    writer = csv.writer(f)

    pid = int(input("Enter Peripheral ID: "))
    pname = input("Enter Peripheral Name: ")
    price = int(input("Enter Price: "))

    writer.writerow([pid, pname, price])
    f.close()
    print("Record added successfully")


def Count_Device():
    f = open("Peripheral.csv", "r")
    reader = csv.reader(f)

    count = 0
    for row in reader:
        if row[0] != 'P_id':      # skip header row
            if int(row[2]) < 1000:
                count += 1
    f.close()
    print("Number of devices with price less than 1000:", count)

SECTION E

33. Infotainment Ltd. is an event management company with its prime office located in Bengaluru. The company is planning to open its new division at three different locations in Chennai named as – Vajra, Trishula and Sudershana.
You, as a networking expert need to suggest solutions to the questions in part (i) to (v), keeping in mind the distances and other given parameters.

Distances between various locations:

Vajra to Trishula	350 m
Trishula to Sudershana	415 m
Sudershana to Vajra	300 m
Bengaluru Office to Chennai	2000 km

Number of computers installed at various locations:

Vajra	120
Sudershana	75
Trishula	65
Bengaluru Office	250

(i) Suggest and draw the cable layout to efficiently connect various locations in Chennai division for connecting the digital devices.
Star topology

(ii) Which block in Chennai division should host the server? Justify your answer.
Vajra, because it has the maximum number of computers among Chennai locations.

(iii) Which fast and effective wired transmission medium should be used to connect the prime office at Bengaluru with the Chennai division?
Optical fibre cable

(iv) Which network device will be used to connect the digital devices within each location of Chennai division so that they may communicate with each other?
Switch

(v) A considerable amount of data loss is noticed between different locations of the Chennai division, which are connected in the network. Suggest a networking device that should be installed to refresh the data and reduce the data loss during transmission to and from different locations of Chennai division.
Repeater

34. (A) (i) Differentiate between ‘w’ and ‘a’ file modes in Python.
‘w’ mode overwrites the file, while ‘a’ mode appends data without deleting existing content.

(ii) Consider a binary file, items.dat, containing records stored in the given format:
{item_id: [item_name, amount]}
Write a function, Copy_new(), that copies all records whose amount is greater than 1000 from items.dat to new_items.dat.

import pickle
def Copy_new():
    fin = open("items.dat", "rb")
    fout = open("new_items.dat", "wb")
    try:
        while True:
            rec = pickle.load(fin)   # read a record (dictionary)

            for item_id in rec:
                if rec[item_id][1] > 1000:   # amount > 1000
                    pickle.dump(rec, fout)
    except EOFError:
        pass
    fin.close()
    fout.close()

OR

(B) (i) What is the advantage of using with clause while opening data file in Python? Also give syntax of with clause.
The with clause automatically closes the file after its use and prevents data loss and file corruption.

with open("filename", "mode") as file_object:
    # statements

(ii) A binary file, EMP.DAT has the following structure:
[Emp_Id, Name, Salary]
where
Emp_Id: Employee id
Name: Employee Name
Salary: Employee Salary
Write a user-defined function, disp_Detail(), that would read the contents of the file EMP.DAT and display the details of those employees whose salary is below 25000.

import pickle
def disp_Detail():
    f = open("EMP.DAT", "rb")
    try:
        while True:
            rec = pickle.load(f)   # read one record

            if rec[2] < 25000:     # Salary is at index 2
                print("Emp Id :", rec[0])
                print("Name   :", rec[1])
                print("Salary :", rec[2])
                print()
    except EOFError:
        pass
    f.close()

35. (A) (i) Define cartesian product with respect to DBMS.
The Cartesian product of two relations is a relation that contains all possible combinations of tuples from both relations.

(ii) Sunil wants to write a program in Python to update the quantity of 20 of the records whose item code is 111 in the table named shop in MySQL database named Keeper.
The table shop in MySQL contains the following attributes:
Item_code: Item code (Integer)
Item_name: Name of item (String)
Qty: Quantity of item (Integer)
Price: Price of item (Integer)
Consider the following to establish connectivity between Python and MySQL:
Username: admin
Password: Shopping
Host: localhost

import mysql.connector
def Update_Qty():
    con = mysql.connector.connect(
        host="localhost",
        user="admin",
        password="Shopping",
        database="Keeper"
    )
    cur = con.cursor()
    sql = "UPDATE shop SET Qty = 20 WHERE Item_code = 111"
    cur.execute(sql)
    con.commit()
    print("Quantity updated successfully")
    con.close()

OR

(B) (i) Give any two features of SQL.
SQL is a non-procedural language.
SQL supports data manipulation and data definition.

(ii) Sumit wants to write a code in Python to display all the details of the passengers from the table floght in MySQL database, Travel. The table contains the following attributes:
F_Code: Flight code (String)
F_Name: Name of flight (String)
Source: Departure city of flight (String)
Destination: Destination city of flight (String)
Consider the following to establish connectivity between Python and MySQL:
Username: root
Password: airplane
Host: localhost

import mysql.connector
def Display_Passengers():
    con = mysql.connector.connect(
        host="localhost",
        user="root",
        password="airplane",
        database="Travel"
    )
    cur = con.cursor()
    cur.execute("SELECT * FROM floght")
    records = cur.fetchall()
    for row in records:
        print("Flight Code :", row[0])
        print("Flight Name :", row[1])
        print("Source      :", row[2])
        print("Destination :", row[3])
        print()
    con.close()