A Fill in the blanks.

1. Operating System manages all the resources that are attached to the system.
2. A single-user operating system is designed for the use of a single user.
3. A point where two systems meet and interact with each other is called interface.
4. An act of performing multiple tasks at the same time is called multitasking.
5. There are two types of user interface.

B State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. A computer works with an interaction of hardware and software. True
2. Single-user operating systems are designed for multiple users. False
3. A multitasking operating system allows the user to perform multiple tasks using one CPU. True
4. Character User Interface is graphics-based. False
5. Graphical User Interface uses icons to interact with the system. True

C Name the following.

1. The brain of the computer. CPU
2. Programs that perform specific type of work for end users on a computer. Application software
3. Resources of the computer system. Memory, Processor, Input and Output Devices
4. The most popular operating system. Windows
5. Interface between the user and the hardware. Operating System

D Match the columns.

1. Windows → Multitasking Operating System
2. MS-DOS → Single-user Operating System
3. Operating System → System Software
4. Paint → Application Software
5. Keyboard → Hardware

E Answer the following questions.

1. Define hardware and software.
   Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer which we can see and touch. Software refers to the programs required to operate a computer.
2. Why do we need an operating system? Explain.
   We need an operating system because:
   a. It helps to run multiple applications at a single system at the same time.
   b. It helps in allocating resources to different applications.
   c. It helps in sharing a single system with multiple users.
3. Differentiate between multi-user operating system and single-user operating system.
   A single-user operating system is meant for the use of a single user. Example: MS-DOS, PC DOS, OS/2. A multi-user operating system is meant for multiple users. Example: Windows, Unix, Xenix, OS/400.
4. Explain the types of software.
   The two types of software are:
   a. System Software to control the working of hardware. Example: Windows, Linux.
   b. Application Software to perform specific types of work for end users.
5. What is a user interface? Explain the types of user interface.
   User Interface is a point where two systems meet and interact with each other. The two types of user interfaces are:
   a. GUI (Graphical User Interface) where devices like mouse and keyboard are used. Icons are used to interact with devices.
   b. CUI (Command User Interface) where the user has to type commands to interact with the system.

Quick Check

Fill in the blanks.

1. A computer is a machine that processes input data given by the programmer/user and provides the desired information as output.
2. Software refers to the programs required to operate the computer.
3. System software, such as DOS, Windows and Linux, is required to control the working of hardware and aid in effective execution of general user’s applications, including file editing, storage management and resource accounting.
4. An interface between the user and computer, through which the computer can be instructed to perform the required operation, is called an operating system software.
5. An operating system manages all the resources attached to the computer, including memory, processor and input/output devices. This is known as resource management.

Choose True or False for the following statements.

1. A single-user operating system is designed for multiple users and can be accessed by many users simultaneously. False
2. A multitasking operating system gives the appearance of executing all programs at the same time by performing multiple tasks using one CPU. True
3. A real-time operating system is used in situations where there are no strict time constraints on processing and responding to output. False
4. Character User Interface (CUI) is more user-friendly and attractive than Graphical User Interface (GUI). False